Monosaccharides:
- Monosaccharides are small carbohydrate compounds consisting of simple units of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
- The monosaccharide molecular formula is (CH2O) n, where n is a small number that varies from 2-10
- Monosaccharides cannot be further hydrolyzed because they are presented in the simplest form,
- Monosaccharides are colorless, sweet taste, crystalline appearance, sweet taste is completely absent in polysaccharides, although they are made from various monosaccharide units, they can be homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are water soluble, but not soluble in nonpolar solvents;
- Consists of the simplest carbohydrate units, namely carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
Polysaccharides:
- Polysaccharides are large carbohydrate compounds consisting of many monosaccharide units connected by glycosidic bonds.
- Polysaccharides have Cx (H2O) y, where x is usually a large number between 200-2500
- Polysaccharides cannot be further hydrolyzed because they contain 2 or more monosaccharide units, which can then be hydrolyzed into oligosaccharides, or monosaccharides.
- polysaccharides are not soluble in water
- Polysaccharides consist of many (several thousand) monosaccharide units.
- Monosaccharides are the main energy source of energy, which provides about 4 calories (kilocalories) per gram;
- Polysaccharides are structural components of cell walls and act as energy reserves.
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